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A sag rod is a secondary steel component primarily used to prevent horizontal elements such as purlins or girts from sagging or twisting under their own weight or external forces. Sag rods are generally positioned between purlins or girts, connecting to these components either horizontally, vertically or at a slight angle. Once installed, sag rods are tensioned by tightening the nuts on their threaded ends until the required tension is reached, thereby stabilizing and effecti

A shear key at a base plate is a protruding component—such as a welded plate, a bent or rolled section, or stacked plates—positioned beneath or at the edge of a column base plate. Its purpose is to facilitate shear transfer between the column and base plate assembly and the concrete foundation, especially when anchors or grout alone do not provide adequate support. Column base plate with shear key

Templates are usually made with thin steel plates or plywood frames with holes that match the exact layout of the anchor bolts. The bolts are fixed through these holes & assists in positioning the anchor bolts accurately according to the design specifications. It ensures that the columns are aligned correctly and are vertically straight. Anchor bolts with templates

LEVELING PLATE METHOD Leveling plate is a thin plate used to create a flat, level surface for the installation of structural steel columns. Leveling plate method LEVELING NUT METHOD Leveling nut is used to modify the height of a base plate to ensure it is level. By turning the leveling nut, the base plate's height can be precisely adjusted to create a level surface. Leveling nut method SHIM PACK ARRANGEMENT A shim pack is made up of several thin steel plates stacked to adjust

For larger base plates, grout holes are included to ensure sufficient grout filling. These holes allow grout to flow beneath the plate and completely fill the gap between the base plate and the concrete foundation. They also facilitate the escape of trapped air during grouting. Typically, these holes have the same diameter as the anchor bolt holes in the base plate. Baseplate with grout hole

DESCRIPTION Anchor bolts (cast-in-place) are bolts embedded in concrete while it is being poured. After the concrete hardens, they provide a strong connection point for steel columns, equipment, structures, base plates, etc. TYPES Hooked anchor bolts feature a hook or bend at one end to improve grip and resistance to pull-out, while the other end is threaded for attaching nuts and washers. J-bolts, which are shaped like the letter "J" with a curved hook at one end, and L-bolt

A lintel is a horizontal beam placed over an opening in a wall. Its primary function is to support the load from the wall above and distribute it evenly to the vertical supports on either side of the opening. This prevents the wall from sagging or cracking around the opening. Concrete lintel supporting a window opening Steel lintel supporting a window opening Lintels can be made from various materials, including: Concrete : Common in modern construction for its strength and d